Interactive e-module using Zoom Cloud Meeting platform to reduce misconceptions on salt hydrolysis material

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Learning in the 21 st century combines knowledge, thoughts, innovation skills, media, literacy, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and real life experiences in the learning process.This combination allows to stimulate and encourage students to focus on achieving value or meaning to develop new skills [1], [2].The 21 st century is marked by the development of information technology [3].The integration of technology in all areas of life causes the human interaction increasingly reliant on technological developments, indicated by the increasing interaction of humans with computers and the internet.As a result, changes occur rapidly and unpredictable in all aspects of life, such as the fields of knowledge, economy, transportation, technology, communication, education and others [4], [5].Advances in science and technology have an effect on the use of teaching aids at schools and in other educational institutions.At this time, learning at schools begins to be adjusted to the development of science and technology, which results in changes and shifts in the educational paradigm.In order for effective teaching to occur, a teacher must provide various ways to address all students' learning needs [6]; one of which is by using information technology.
Using information technology for learning has become a necessity and demand in the globalization era [7].Technology helps students learn self-extracting information skills, actively use cognitive structures from memory, thinking, imagination, and can be designed for intensive personality development in terms of students' organizing processes [8].In accordance with the demands of 21st century learning, students must be capable of solving various problems by thinking creatively and using technology [1].Each student has a different ability to solve problems, especially the ability to discuss a concept.Students possess a concept carried as initial knowledge, which is called preconception.The students' preconceptions are sometimes different from the actual concept according to experts.For example, the students have different conceptions in accepting the concept, so it is possible that some students have a wrong conception towards a concept; this is called misconception [9].Misconceptions can occur due to differences in the construction of knowledge of each individual and environment (peers, family, society, literature, teachers, and teaching methods) [10].The students' misconceptions may result from the students themselves, teachers, textbooks, contexts, and learning methods.In addition, there are certain subject characteristics that are difficult for students to understand so that students try to interpret or create their own concepts.This sometimes does not match the actual concept; as a result, it creates wrong concepts in the minds of students [11].
In this study, students' misconceptions were investigated in the chemistry subject, particularly on salt hydrolysis by using a three-level multiple choice diagnostic test [12].This test was chosen for it involved three levels of questions.The first level was an ordinary multiple choice question while the second level stated the reasons for the answers at the first level.Finally, the third level included students' confidence in the answers given on the two previous levels [13].The students who answered correctly and were sure of their answers indicated that they really understood the concept learned.Meanwhile, the students who were sure of the answer even though the answer was wrong showed that they had a misconception.On the other hand, the students who answered erroneously and were not sure of the answer implied that they did not experience a misconception, but lack of knowledge.The advantages of a three-level multiple choice diagnostic test are that it can: 1) diagnose misconceptions experienced by students more deeply, 2) determine parts of the material that require more emphasis during learning, 3) plan for better learning to help reduce students' misconceptions [14].Salt hydrolysis material was chosen as the object in this study because this material not only was limited to clearly observed concepts (concrete concepts) but also discussed abstract and complex concepts, as well as concepts involving symbolic representations [15].
Many attempts have been conducted to reduce misconceptions, such as studies conducted by implementing the cognitive conflict approach [16], the use of animation modules and media [17], the development of discovery-inquiry learning models [18], the use of interactive multimedia [19], and application of the Predict, Discuss, Explain, Observe, Discuss, and Explain (PDEODE) collaborative strategy [20].Unfortunately, these studies have not shown significant results to reduce material misconceptions.In this study, the implementation of Interactive E-Module with Zoom Cloud Meeting platform was carried out to reduce students' misconceptions on online learning.It was hoped that this E-Module could be implemented as an independent learning resource to help students improve their cognitive competence or understanding.E-Module eased the students to learn a material since it was easy to carry anywhere and anytime [21]- [23].
In this study, the E-module was designed by using the Kvisoft Flipbook Maker application program.This program was used because its digital publication document view looks like a digital magazine which was varied, innovative, and efficient [24].This application assists the learning process due to its features focusing not only on writings but also motion animations, videos, and audios which allow interactive and interesting learning media; as a result, the learning process is no longer monotonous [25].The results of this study can be implemented in learning in the current pandemic conditions (Covid-19) which have affected the world including Indonesia.As the world health authorities, WHO has emphasized to stop outdoor activities and activities involving the crowd, including face-to-face learning that gathers a large number of students in the classroom [26].For this reason, using digital technology allows students and teachers to perform the distance learning in which both students and teachers conduct the learning process from home [27].A form of learning that can be used as a solution during the COVID-19 pandemic is online learning using interactive e-module media products so that teachers can present information in innovative ways and can motivate students to study harder [28].

RESEARCH METHOD
This study was conducted at State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia in the even semester of the academic year 2019/2020.The method of this study was a pre-experimental research method with one group pretest-posttest research design [29].In this design, the sample was given a pretest before the treatment and a posttest at the end of the study.The pretest was administered to determine the students' initial ability on salt hydrolysis material.After that, the students were taught by using interactive e-module teaching materials, and at the end of learning, the students were given a posttest to determine their final ability after using interactive e-module teaching materials in the learning process.The pretest and posttest questions utilized three-tier multiple choice questions.The research design can be seen in Table The population in this study was students of grade XI at State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Pekanbaru while the samples were 33 students at grade XI in State Madrasah Aliyah Pekanbaru who were selected by using purposive sampling technique.The misconceptions were determined by using the following methods.

Scoring
The assessors of multiple choice questions at level I and II were carried out by using the scoring shown in Table 2.

The analysis of students' misconception identification test
The data of this study were quantitative data derived from the results of three-tier multiple choice diagnostic test.Based on these results, the sample was grouped into four categories.They are the students: 1) Who knew the concept; 2) Who did not know the concept; 3) Who guessed; and 4) Who experienced misconceptions.This grouping was made for each question [30].For more details, the criteria of this grouping are displayed in Table 3.

Calculating the percentage
The number of samples who had a concept were converted into a percentage based on the analysis of written test data by using the formula: The effectiveness of using this e-module was calculated by using SPSS V 23.Hypothesis testing in this study was conducted by using Wilcoxon test.If the value of Asymp.Sig.(2-tailed) was less than <0.05,Ha was accepted.The confounding variable in this study is that the internet problem is resolved by sending an e-module file via a flash disk before learning to use Zoom cloud meeting is carried out.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data of this study were quantitative data derived from the results of three-tier multiple choice diagnostic test.Based on these results, the samples were grouped into four categories: 1) Students who knew the concept; 2) Students who did not know the concept; 3) Students who guessed the answer; and 4) Students who experienced misconceptions.This grouping was made for each question.To be clearer, the criteria for this grouping can be seen in Table 3.Furthermore, the data used to determine the results of misconception reduction was the difference between the misconception percentage of posttest and pretest.This difference showed a decrease in misconceptions before and after learning about salt hydrolysis by using interactive emodules.

Grouping misconceptions data
The results of grouping misconceptions in this study are presented in Table 4.It can be seen that of the 20 questions given shows a decrease in student misconceptions for each question.This happens because students when learning online using the zoom cloud meeting platform can interact with the teacher effectively.

The amount of misconception reduction
The amount of misconception reduction was utilized to see how much the reduction of misconceptions from the use of interactive e-module teaching materials on salt hydrolysis material at grade XI in State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Pekanbaru.Table 5 displays that the reduction of misconceptions of using interactive e-module teaching materials on salt hydrolysis at grade XI in State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Pekanbaru was 16.21%.A previous study was conducted by Purnamawati, et al. [31] found that there was a reduction in misconceptions through the application of E-Module based on Problem-Based Learning on ecology material for 47.18% at grade X in Batik high school 1 Surakarta.The reduction of misconceptions occurred because e-modules presented independent learning materials that were systematically arranged into the smallest learning units in order to achieve certain learnings presented in electronic formats such as animations, audios, and navigations which allowed users to be more interactive with the program.Electronic media accessed by students had different benefits and characteristics.From the benefits view, electronic media could make the learning process more interesting and interactive.Besides, it could be done anytime and anywhere, and it improved the quality of learning.As a result, it reduced students' misconceptions [32].The cover of interactive e-module product on salt hydrolysis is seen in Figure 1.

The effectiveness of e-module
The effectiveness aspect of e-module towards misconceptions was seen from the increase of the scores in pretest and posttest by using three-tier multiple choice questions on salt hydrolysis material before and after using e-module.The analysis of the normality test from pretest and posttest classes was conducted by applying the Shapiro Wilk test.The normality test was done to find out whether the data in pretest and posttest were normally distributed or not.These data can be seen in Table 6.6 demonstrates that the score derived from pretest and posttest for the experimental class had a sig value as much as 0.151 and 0.181 respectively, meaning that the score from the pretest and posttest were normally distributed because the data had sig> 0.05.Thus, data for hypothesis testing was conducted by a T test in which Ha was accepted if the p value (asymp.Sig 2 tailed) was less than the critical research limit as much as 0.05.
Based on the results of t-test, p value was obtained (asymp.Sig 2 tailed) for as much as 0,000, so that the hypothesis decision was Ha accepted.There was a significant increase for grade XI students at State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Pekanbaru before using interactive e-modules and after using e-interactive module on salt hydrolysis material, this can be seen in Table 7.This study revealed that the e-module was effective to be implemented in the learning process.This was because the application of ICT in a learning field was believed to be able to improve students' learning abilities; one of which was using the e-modules [33].Applying ICT in the learning process would positively affect students' learning outcomes [34].Moreover, learning by using media had a positive effect on students' learning outcomes and it could reduce the students' misconceptions because students could directly see the abstract learning through the display of videos and animations on e-modules used in learning [35].

CONCLUSION
Based on results and discussion, the p value was (asymp.Sig 2 tailed) 0,000, so that Ha was accepted, meaning there was a significant increase of the students at grade XI in State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Pekanbaru before and after using interactive e-modules on salt hydrolysis material.Furthermore, it also reduced students' misconceptions on salt hydrolysis material.The percentage of misconceptions reduction after using the interactive e-module on salt hydrolysis material at grade XI in State Madrasah Aliyah 1 Pekanbaru was 16.21%.

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ISSN: 2089-9823 J Edu & Learn, Vol. 15, No. 2, May 2021: 283 -290 284 KC = the group of students who know the concept NKC = the group of students who do not know the concept MC = the group of students who show misconceptions GA = the group of students who guess the answer N = the number of students  ISSN: 2089-9823 J Edu & Learn, Vol. 15, No. 2, May 2021: 283 -290 286

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Cover of e-module on salt hydrolysis

Table 1 .
The design of one group pretest-posttest 1. ISSN: 2089-9823  The effectiveness of interactive e-module using Zoom cloud meeting platform to reduce … (Maria Erna) 285

Table 2 .
Score item points

Table 3 .
Criteria for grouping students' conceptions

Table 4 .
The percentage of students' misconceptions in pretest and posttest

Table 5 .
The percentage of misconception reduction ISSN: 2089-9823 The effectiveness of interactive e-module using Zoom cloud meeting platform to reduce … (Maria Erna) 287

Table 7 .
Statistical test