Towards a contextual digital competence framework for assessing citizens’ digital proficiency

Abstract

This study aims to develop a contextualized digital competence (DC) framework for assessing citizens’ digital proficiency and addressing DC disparities among citizens of Sarawak, Malaysia. A qualitative research approach, which comprises contextual analysis, stakeholder engagement, and content validation and refinement, was used to achieve the study objective. Findings from the contextual analysis highlighted significant gaps in digital infrastructure and literacy, particularly among rural communities. A total of 18 experts were engaged in this study. The result of the stakeholder engagement provided insights into the specific digital skill needs within Sarawak’s unique socioeconomic landscape, emphasizing the need for foundational competencies such as device recognition, online safety, and data management. The content validation helps to produce the refined Sarawak DC assessment framework (SDCAF) for assessing the DC of citizens. This framework holds promise as a foundation for future digital literacy initiatives in Sarawak, promoting inclusive digital transformation in line with the state’s digital economy strategy. This study concluded that SDCAF is a comprehensive and relevant tool for measuring citizen’s DC. The SDCAF is a model for creating targeted, accessible digital literacy programs that bridge the urban-rural digital skill divide and empower all citizens to participate in Sarawak’s digital society.